![]() ![]() 1 mole of H3O+ in 1 liter of solution can be written as 10^-1 mol H3O+/L and has a pH of 1. Here is how it works: 1 mole of H3O+ in 1 liter of solution can also be written as 10^0 mol H3O+/L. However, 1 mole of H3O+ in 1 liter of solution actually has a pH number of 0. You would expect the pH number to be large to reflect the fact that it is very acidic. We can have 1 mole of H3O+ in 1 liter of solution which is considered to be very acidic. For solutions we talk about moles of a particular molecule per 1 liter of a solution, so moles/liters or abbreviated mol/L. Actually the intent was to simplify the whole acid base thing but one could argue it made it much harder to learn.Ĭhemists count molecules in a quantity called a "mole". It seems that chemists came up with the pH scale in order to confuse everyone as much as possible. This is where the infamous pH scale comes in. The concentration of hydronium ions present in a solution dictates how acidic or basic a solution is. The amount of hydronium ions present in a solution will then dictate how acidic or basic a solution is. The H3O+ can be a rare species and it is called the hydronium ion. The reaction goes like this: H+ + H2O ––> H3O+. The next reaction that takes place involves the H+ ions from the previous reaction and water molecules, abundant because all of this is taking place in a solution mostly made up of water. In this equation there are two hydrogen ions formed for every one carbonate ion formed. The equation for this is: H2CO3 ––> 2H+ + CO32. Carbonic acid has a tendency to break up or "disassociate" into hydrogen ions (H+) and carbonate ions (CO32-). The H2CO3 is known as carbonic acid (as in "the acid of carbonate"). It is the CO3 part of this that is the carbonate ion. The reaction for this goes like this: CO2 + H20 ––> H2CO3. The next piece of this is the formation of the carbonate ion a very stable polyatomic ion composed of 3 oxygen atoms, 1 carbon atom, and having a charge of –2 symbolized: CO32. The weak inter-molecular attractive forces rely on the polarity of the water molecule and the high density of electrons at either end of the carbon dioxide molecule. There is a plausible explanation for how carbon dioxide molecules could interact with water molecules thereby forming a solution where the carbon dioxide is the solute and water is the solvent (as it usually is). ![]()
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